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నైరూప్య

Toxoplasma gondii Exosomes: Versatile Tools for Understanding Host-Parasite Interactions, Developing Therapeutics, and Modulating Host Immune Responses and Metabolism

Nastaran Barati1, Ehsan Ahmadpour2,3, Reza Ghasemikhah4,5, Salman Zafari6, Eissa Soleymani6, Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi6*

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect a wide range of animals, including humans. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released by cells and have been shown to play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Recent studies have shown that T. gondii also secretes exosomes that can modulate host immune responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of the infection. This review article will summarize the current knowledge on T. gondii exosomes and their potential implications in infection. T. gondii exosomes are a versatile and complex system that can modulate various host functions, including the immune response, microbiota, epigenome, and metabolism. They have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications and can be used in biotechnology. However, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms and applications. T. gondii exosomes may represent a promising target for the development of novel therapies against toxoplasmosis and other intracellular infections.