Rimsha Ismail
Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of illness and mortality among patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. The proposed mechanisms that can link enhanced atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk in our society are poorly understood. It has been suggested that an association between hypo/hyper glycemia and intracellular metabolic changes can result in oxidative stress(a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses, is discussed in relation to its possible role in the production of tissue damage in diabetes mellitus), low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction (in which the endothelial layer of the small arteries fails to perform all of its important functions normally. As a result, several bad things can happen to the tissues supplied by those arteries). The impact of clinical factors that may coexist with diabetes such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are also discussed.